N-type vs P-type solar cells
Comparison of structure, efficiency, temperature behaviour and reliability of modern solar cells. N-type and TOPCon modules deliver higher efficiency and long-term stability in PV applications.
N-Type Solar Module
TOPCon solar cells use tunnel oxide passivated contact technology (N-type). The ultra-thin oxide layer minimises recombination, increases Voc and improves photovoltaic conversion efficiency. Compared with PERC modules (P-type), N-type TOPCon modules deliver higher energy yield per unit area, better performance at high temperatures and stable long-term output – making them particularly suitable for modern commercial and industrial rooftops.
TOPCon photovoltaic modules based on N-type technology achieve higher efficiencies and improved temperature coefficients thanks to an advanced passivated contact structure.
Compared with PERC, TOPCon reduces recombination losses through tunnel oxide and polysilicon passivation, increases efficiency and optimises energy yield per unit area.
In morning hours, cloudy conditions and heat periods, TOPCon delivers more stable daily output curves and higher annual yield thanks to its improved temperature coefficient and high light sensitivity.
Compatible with PERC production lines, higher voltage and power enable a more efficient system architecture, reduce BOS costs and improve overall ROI over the long term.
TOPCon technology outperforms PERC in many areas, delivering higher performance and improved reliability.
TOPCon technology enables a theoretical conversion efficiency of up to 28.7% – close to the theoretical limit for crystalline silicon and significantly higher than PERC solar cells.
Under low-light conditions, TOPCon cells deliver around 0.5–1.0% more power than PERC. Thanks to superior low-light sensitivity, yields remain higher even in cloudy conditions and at dawn and dusk.
Optimised cell architecture delivers bifaciality of >85% – significantly higher than PERC. This allows light to be utilised more efficiently from both sides, generating more energy.
TOPCon cells offer high thermal stability and show very low susceptibility to hot spots even after many years of outdoor operation – reducing maintenance costs and extending service life.
Thanks to N-type solar cells, first-year power degradation is only 1.5%. After 25 years, modules still deliver around 88.9% of initial output – a clear advantage over PERC.
TOPCon N-type cells with very low boron content virtually eliminate light-induced degradation (LID) – a key factor for long-term performance stability.
Compared with PERC, TOPCon delivers the strongest all-round package of efficiency, temperature resilience and long-term reliability – ideal for modern commercial, industrial and utility-scale solar PV plants.
| Parameter | PERC | TOPCon |
|---|---|---|
| Module efficiency (typ.) | 21%–22% | 22.5%–23%+ |
| Temperature coefficient (%/°C) | -0.35 | ≈ -0.32 |
| LCOE (relative cost) | low | low–medium |
| Design & shading behaviour | medium | medium–high |
| Application scenarios | Residential & commercial systems | Residential, commercial & utility-scale systems |
From rooftop systems to ground-mounted plants — TOPCon solutions tailored to every application
1/3-Cut
High-Efficiency TOPCon
Ground-mount / bifacial
Compare technical parameters across all TOPCon series — suitable for different application areas
| Technical data |
430–460W
Glass-glass full black · 1/3-cut
|
420–445W
Glass-glass full black
|
500–525W
Single-glass full black
|
570–595W
Glass-glass silver frame
|
570–595W
Bifacial · silver frame
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STC | NOCT | STC | NOCT | STC | NOCT | STC | NOCT | STC | NOCT | |
| Max. power PMAX (Wp)* | 430–460 | 329–351 | 420–445 | 316–334 | 500–525 | 376–395 | 570–595 | 429–448 | 570–595 | 429–448 |
| VMPP (V) | 43.20–45.30 | 40.70–42.60 | 31.51–32.45 | 29.34–30.11 | 37.10–38.10 | 35.20–36.20 | 42.07–42.82 | 39.51–40.05 | 43.20–44.20 | 41.00–42.00 |
| IMPP (A) | 9.96–10.16 | 8.08–8.24 | 13.33–13.73 | 10.76–11.14 | 13.48–13.78 | 10.67–10.91 | 13.55–13.90 | 10.85–11.17 | 13.19–13.48 | 10.44–10.65 |
| VOC (V) | 51.40–53.90 | 48.70–50.90 | 38.11–39.06 | 36.20–37.10 | 43.70–44.70 | 41.50–42.50 | 50.74–51.44 | 48.20–48.88 | 51.00–52.00 | 48.50–49.40 |
| ISC (A) | 10.59–10.81 | 8.54–8.71 | 14.07–14.47 | 11.36–11.67 | 14.48–14.78 | 11.69–11.93 | 14.31–14.71 | 11.55–11.89 | 14.02–14.32 | 11.32–11.54 |
| Module efficiency ηm (%) | 21.50–23.02 | / | 21.51–22.80 | / | 22.11–23.22 | / | 22.06–23.04 | / | 22.06–23.04 | / |
| Weight (kg) | 21.0 kg | 24.0 kg | 23.5 kg | 29.0 kg | 32.0 kg | |||||
| Dimensions (mm) | 1762×1134×30 | 1722×1134×30 | 1994×1134×30 | 2279×1134×30 | 2279×1134×30 | |||||
| Warranty | 30-year product warranty 30-year performance warranty |
30-year product warranty 30-year performance warranty |
20-year product warranty 20-year performance warranty |
30-year product warranty 30-year performance warranty |
30-year product warranty 30-year performance warranty |
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| Packaging | Pallet: 36 pcs 40' container: 936 pcs |
Pallet: 36 pcs 40' container: 936 pcs |
Pallet: 36 pcs 40' container: 792 pcs |
Pallet: 37 pcs 40' container: 740 pcs |
Pallet: 36 pcs 40' container: 720 pcs |
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| Download datasheet | Download PDF | Download PDF | Download PDF | Download PDF | Download PDF | |||||
* STC: Irradiance 1000W/m², cell temperature 25°C, air mass AM1.5. / Measurement tolerance: ±3%
* NOCT: Irradiance at 800W/m², ambient temperature 20°C, wind speed 1m/s. / Measurement tolerance: ±3%
Note: Typical values. Variations may occur; the official datasheets are authoritative.
A look inside our modern manufacturing — the precise production process for TOPCon solar modules
Strict quality management and international certifications ensure the highest module standards
Rigorous inspection of all raw materials such as silicon wafers, glass, EVA and backsheet materials to ensure compliance with technical specifications.
Comprehensive quality monitoring throughout all production stages – including cell manufacturing, lamination, EL testing and assembly.
Final inspection including visual checks, electrical performance testing, EL inspection and weather resistance tests.
Our products comply with international standards and are certified by TÜV, CE and other recognised bodies.
TOPCon modules for a wide range of installation environments – maximum yields in every scenario
High power density and short payback periods. Also available in all-black designs – combining aesthetics with maximum performance.
Higher string voltages and long-string designs optimise BOS costs and reduce LCOE.
Optimised for high temperatures and diffuse irradiation – delivering higher yields throughout the year.
Upgrading to higher-performance modules under existing conditions – increasing self-consumption and overall energy yield.
Many years of experience in photovoltaics – a complete supply chain and strong R&D capabilities
Coverage of all key European markets with local sales and technical support.
Stable production and readily available inventory – reliable delivery for your projects.
Local warehouses plus direct shipping – shorter lead times and efficient project execution.
Focused on PV module technologies – supporting product selection and project configuration.
Deeply rooted in the European market – long-term partnerships and proven project expertise.
Modules comply with European safety and quality requirements, including fire classification standards.
Answers to common questions about TOPCon technology
TOPCon is based on N-type tunnel oxide passivated contact technology, which significantly reduces surface recombination and improves the temperature coefficient. Compared with PERC, TOPCon offers higher efficiency, lower degradation (LID/LeTID) and better performance at high temperatures. Compared with HJT and IBC, TOPCon achieves similarly high efficiencies while maintaining industrially scalable production costs and high compatibility with existing manufacturing lines.
TOPCon is suitable for commercial and industrial buildings, ground-mounted plants and demanding climate zones. The technology performs particularly well at high temperatures, under low-light conditions and with diffuse irradiation – making it ideal for southern Europe as well as regions with variable weather. System design takes into account roof load, BOS layout, shading scenarios and inverter matching.
Depending on the manufacturer, TOPCon modules are supplied with product and performance warranties (typically 20–30 years) and international certifications such as CE, TÜV and IEC. Technical datasheets and certificates form the basis for project planning and yield calculations.
Yes. With high module efficiency, good temperature resilience and strong low-light performance, TOPCon is well suited to commercial rooftops, industrial halls and solar parks. The technology supports low BOS costs and stable long-term yields, particularly for systems with high energy demand and self-consumption.
An ultra-thin tunnel oxide layer combined with polysilicon passivation reduces the recombination of charge carriers. This increases Voc, efficiency and output stability, especially under real operating conditions such as high temperatures and low irradiance.
Optimised doping of N-type wafers, reduced metallisation effects and improved passivation help maintain stable performance at elevated temperatures. This results in better daily and annual energy yields, particularly in warmer regions.
Shading affects all PV systems; however, TOPCon modules tend to maintain more stable output thanks to low recombination losses, efficient cell design and the frequent use of 1/3-cut layouts. Proper system design, including string configuration, MPPT zones and bypass diode layout, remains critical.
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